1. Fencing and Barriers Tall, sturdy fences can keep out herbivores and smaller mammals. Mesh and netting can protect specific areas or crops from birds and smaller animals.
2. Guard Animals Livestock guardian dogs, such as Great Pyrenees or Anatolian Shepherds, are trained to protect livestock from predators.
3. Scare Tactics and Repellents These can be sprayed on crops to make them unpalatable or to create a scent barrier that deters animals.
4. Habitat Management Creating buffer zones with less desirable plants or fencing can keep animals away from main crops.
5. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Introducing natural predators of the problematic species. For instance, encouraging the presence of birds of prey to control rodent populations.
6. Controlled Hunting and Permits Farmers can obtain permits to remove specific problematic animals, such as beavers or raccoons, when they cause significant damage.